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Exercising Judgment in Organizations

2025· article· en· W4416005745 on OpenAlex
Anup Karath Nair, Igor Pyrko, Sarah M. N. Woolley, Demetris Hadjimichael, Mary Crossan, Andrew Likierman, Natalia Levina, Nicolai J. Foss

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueAcademy of Management Proceedings · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicInnovation, Sustainability, Human-Machine Systems
Canadian institutionsWestern University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPopularityDiversity (politics)Focus (optics)Business decision mappingEntrepreneurshipWork (physics)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Judgment is a fundamental concept in management research and relates to several subfields, ranging from human resources (Grandey, Houston & Avery, 2019) and entrepreneurship (Foss & Klein, 2012; Foss, Klein, & Bjørnskov, 2019) to strategic decision-making (Priem, 1994) and business ethics (Mudrack & Mason, 2013). The concept's popularity has resulted in a diversity of understandings and applications – some emphasizing the technical aspects of judgment like precision and accuracy, while others more concerned about judgment as a skillful practice (Tsoukas, Hadjimichael, Nair, Pyrko, & Woolley, 2024). At the same time, judgment is critical for navigating contemporary issues, such as developing leadership traits and character (Crossan, Crossan, Newstead, & Sturm, 2024), evaluating the role of AI in everyday work (Lebovitz, Lifshitz-Assaf, & Levina, 2022), entrepreneurial decision making under conditions of uncertainty and unknowingness (Shepherd, Williams & Patzelt, 2015) and understanding how managers form views and interpret ambiguous evidence in a way that will lead to a good decision (Likierman, 2020) – especially in light of the need to address wicked problems and grand societal challenges (Ackermann, Pyrko, & Hill, 2024). To this end, this symposium aims to focus scholarly attention on the role of judgment in business and management, reflect on its characteristics in a fast-changing world, and discuss the implications and future research directions for judgment as an area of study in business and management research.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.713
Threshold uncertainty score0.490

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.003
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.014
GPT teacher head0.337
Teacher spread0.323 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it