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Redefining the Prototypical Leader: Exploring Non-Traditional Leaders at Work

2025· article· en· W4416007595 on OpenAlexaffabout
Mikaila Ortynsky, Alyssa Grocutt, Steve Granger, Nick Turner, Patil Yessayan, Joanna Maria Szulc, Douglas Renwick, Julian Barling, Michaela Scanlon, Kara A. Arnold

Bibliographic record

VenueAcademy of Management Proceedings · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicGender Diversity and Inequality
Canadian institutionsMemorial University of NewfoundlandQueen's UniversityUniversity of CalgaryConcordia UniversityUniversity of Ottawa
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDiversity (politics)Leadership styleWork (physics)PerceptionLeadership studiesLeadershipSocioeconomic status

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This presenter symposium focuses on non-traditional leaders at work while highlighting the need for research to go beyond the prototypical leader characteristics (e.g., white, male, able-bodied). The five papers in this symposium cover a range of non-traditional leader characteristics, including low socioeconomic status, women in the Middle Eastern/North African region, neurodivergence, presence of tattoos, and mental illness. The management field often neglects non-traditional leader characteristics such as these in favor of the prototypical leader stereotypes, which limits our understanding of how to promote more diversity in leadership roles by helping those with characteristics outside of the prototypical emerge as leaders and enhance their experiences and effectiveness as leaders. The research in this symposium covers not only a range of non-traditional leader characteristics but also a range of methods – archival data, interviews, focus groups, and experimental vignettes – and leadership experiences – leader emergence, relationships with followers, and followers’ perceptions of their leaders. Taken together, these papers and discussion led by Dr. Kara Arnold aim to extend leadership research beyond the prototypical leader characteristics to work towards more diverse and inclusive leaders and leadership. Early Life Socioeconomic Status Shapes Leadership Role Emergence in Adulthood Author: Steve Granger; Concordia University Author: Nick Turner; University of Calgary Barriers to Women’s Leadership in Iraq’s STEM Sector Author: Patil Yessayan; University of Ottawa Neurodivergent Leaders: Insights from LMX Theory Author: Joanna Szulc; Gdansk University of Technology Author: Douglas Renwick; Tattooed Employees: Does Hierarchical Position Matter for Observer Perceptions and (Mis)treatment? Author: Alyssa Grocutt; Author: Julian Barling; Queen's University The Consequences of Mental Illness Stigma in the Workplace: Does Organizational Role Matter? Author: Michaela Scanlon; Queen's University Author: Julian Barling; Queen's University

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.832
Threshold uncertainty score0.581

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.313
GPT teacher head0.327
Teacher spread0.013 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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