REEVALUATING THE ROLE OF CORONERS IN CUSTODIAL DEATHS IN MALAYSIA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Deaths in custody continue to be a critical and sensitive issue in Malaysia, attracting significant attention from various stakeholders. Unlike countries such as the United Kingdom (specifically England and Wales), Australia and Canada, Malaysia lacks dedicated legislation for investigating deaths in custody. This study evaluates the adequacy of Malaysia’s legal framework, focusing on the role of coroners. While coroners are key in determining the cause of death, their jurisdiction is limited by the Criminal Procedure Code and Practice Direction No. 2 of 2019, which restrict their authority to investigations without addressing systemic issues. Coroners in Malaysia depend on external reports and testimonies and do not independently visit death scenes. In contrast, coroners in other countries have greater independence and broader investigatory powers. The article recommends enhancing Malaysia’s legal framework to grant coroners more authority for comprehensive investigations, improving accountability, and ensuring justice in custodial deaths.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".