Gauging Anger and Qualifying Forgiveness in Late Medieval Summae Confessorum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Latin manuals of casuistry ( summae confessorum ) for priests hearing confession from the turn of the fourteenth century to the turn of the sixteenth century offer sources for the history of ethical teachings about emotions such as anger in medieval Europe. These summas are casuistic in the sense of offering practical moral reasoning about anger and forgiveness based on the study of cases from Church law and theology. Whereas more public religious exhortations in sermons and treatises on the vices denounced anger and demanded forgiveness with little qualification, the summae confessorum provided a method to gauge the relative morality of anger confessed by penitents and admitted that Christian forgiveness is conditional. This study examines how the discussion of anger developed along with the genre as compilers synthesised and reorganised material from more academic sources, especially that of Thomas Aquinas, to make it more accessible to priests hearing confessions in medieval Catholic Europe.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".