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Record W4416059074 · doi:10.32799/ijih.v21i1.45618

Exploring the Experiences of Indigenous Patients Accessing Naturopathic Medicine in Thunder Bay, Ontario

2025· article· W4416059074 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Jessica Carfagnini, Helle Møller, Charles Z. Levkoe, Miranda Lesperance, Alexis R. Harvey

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Indigenous Health · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicIndigenous Health, Education, and Rights
Canadian institutionsLakehead UniversityThunder Bay Regional Research Institute
Fundersnot available
KeywordsNaturopathyIndigenousThunderHealth careAlternative medicineQualitative researchWheelchair

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Health inequities for Indigenous Peoples across Turtle Island have been well documented, but the role of naturopathic doctors in contributing to Indigenous-led healthcare initiatives remains understudied. Very little research exists documenting the experiences of Indigenous individuals with naturopathic medicine. This qualitative research study contributes to addressing this gap by exploring the experiences of twelve Indigenous people who have accessed care from licensed naturopathic doctors in Thunder Bay, Ontario. Couched in discussions about the impact of colonisation and ongoing colonialism on their health and healthcare, participants expressed that the philosophy of naturopathic medicine aligns with Indigenous concepts of health and healing being holistic, collaborative, patient-centred and offering natural treatment options (e.g. plant medicines). In addition, participants experienced naturopathic doctors as trustworthy well-educated healthcare providers who listened. Barriers to accessing naturopathic care included the cost of appointments and prescribed substances; lack of awareness and misconceptions about naturopathic medicine; and geographical limitations. Indigenous patients accessing naturopathic medicine in Thunder Bay articulated that it has a key role to play in the health care they desire for themselves, their families and communities. Future research projects can query whether this finding holds true in other regions, and can explore the role of naturopathic medicine in Indigenous-led healthcare.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.007
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.341
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0070.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.001
Science and technology studies0.0050.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0030.000
Research integrity0.0000.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.048
GPT teacher head0.358
Teacher spread0.310 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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