Alleviative Effect of <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i> Exopolysaccharide on <scp>d</scp> ‐Galactose‐Induced Gut Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Modulating Gut Microbiota
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The exopolysaccharide SREP-1, purified from the fermentation broth of Stropharia rugosoannulata, exhibited antiaging potential. As aging significantly alters gut structure and function, protective effect of SREP-1 was investigated using a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. SREP-1 administration reversed D-galactose-induced body weight loss and colon damage, as evidenced by improved histopathology. SREP-1 mitigated weight loss and colon damage, enhanced the activities of antioxidants (SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT), and reduced the level of MDA. It decreased proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and elevated IL-10 in colon tissue, while boosting serum immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM). Crucially, these effects were abolished by antibiotic pretreatment, highlighting the role of gut microbiota in SREP-1 bioactivity. This role was further confirmed through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and fecal supernatant transplantation (FST) experiments. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, SREP-1 restored gut microbial diversity, increased beneficial genera (e.g., Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides), and decreased harmful bacteria (e.g., Escherichia-Shigella and Collinsella). Furthermore, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels were elevated in the SREP-1 group, which might regulate GPCRs/NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathways and exert biological activity. This study revealed the potential of SREP-1 to alleviate aging-related intestinal dysfunction and underscored the crucial role of gut microbiota in mediating these effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".