A Chromosome-level Genome Assembly of the Western Nose-Horned Viper ( <i>Vipera ammodytes ammodytes</i> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a chromosome-level genome assembly of the western nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes ammodytes), the most medically important viper in Europe. Using PacBio Sequel and Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencing, we generated ∼270 Gb of data, achieving ∼131× coverage of the genome. The final assembly spans 1.55 Gb with a contig N50 of 45.9 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 210 Mb, anchored into 18 pseudo-chromosomes. Completeness was supported by recovery of 97.1% of Vertebrata BUSCOs. A total of 20,775 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 96.6% were functionally annotated. Repetitive sequences accounted for 53.75% of the genome, dominated by LINEs (41.87%) and LTRs (14.35%). We identified 112 venom-related genes across 15 families, with expansions in SVMPs, Snaclecs, sPLA₂s, SPIs, and SVSPs, together comprising 62.5% of the venom repertoire. Chemosensory genes were also expanded, including 448 olfactory receptors, 72 taste receptors, and 29 vomeronasal receptors. This assembly represents the most complete genome resource for a true viper to date and provides a key resource for investigating venom evolution, chemosensory adaptation, and comparative snake genomics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".