A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of Baduanjin exercise on balance impairment in patients with cervical dystonia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Patients with cervical dystonia (CD) commonly exhibit varying degrees of impaired balance, abnormal gait, and increased fear of falling. However, Botulinum toxin-the standard of care-does not substantially improve balance or gait. Baduanjin, a traditional Chinese exercise, improves balance in several neurological disorders, yet its effects in CD remain unknown. This protocol describes a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of Baduanjin exercise on balance impairment in patients with CD. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial enrolls CD patients with impaired balance. Eligible participants are randomly allocated (1:1) to either a Baduanjin intervention group or a control group without Baduanjin. The Baduanjin group undergoes a 20-week training program. The primary outcome is balance function, evaluated through the Berg Balance Scale. Secondary outcomes include standing static balance ability assessed by the Zebris Stance Analysis FDM System, fall risk conducted using the Timed Up & Go test, gait-related data assessed by the Zebris Gait Analysis FDM System, the severity of CD assessed by the Toronto Western Spasm Rating Scale, and the anxiety status of patients assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. The entirety of the data are collected at the baseline, 2, 6, 12, and 20 weeks. A two-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) or generalized estimating equations are used to assess the effectiveness of Baduanjin. Discussion: This protocol is the first randomized controlled design to evaluate Baduanjin for balance and gait in cervical dystonia, combining objective instrumented outcomes with validated clinical scales and a pragmatic supervised-to-home regimen, thereby providing decision-relevant evidence. Clinical trial registration: http://itmctr.ccebtcm.org.cn/zh-CN/Home/ProjectView?pid=fce76993-0978-484e-ba50-c097b35805c7, ITMCTR2024000240.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.036 | 0.037 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.113 | 0.017 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".