ISSN 2519-4216 e-ISSN 2519-4313 UDC 34
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that the information sphere and drug promotion often remain outside the effective legal response. This issue is particularly acute in Ukraine, because war, social instability, and weakening of institutional control contribute to the activation of drug crime, in particular in the information space. The purpose of the study was to assess the need for criminalisation of advertising of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, and their analogues in Ukraine. For this purpose, system and structural, comparative, statistical, system, and extrapolation methods were used. It was proved that the increase in the number of people who use narcotic substances by almost one and a half times may be conditioned by, in particular, the easy availability of advertising of narcotic substances in a personʼs daily life: both offline and online. It was found that during the social instability caused by contemporary changes and the social realities of war, which psychologically traumatise people, suitable conditions for drug trafficking and advertising have emerged. Amendments to the criminal legislation of Ukraine that criminalise advertising of narcotic drugs in Ukraine were proposed, simplifying the investigation and proof of drug-related offences for law enforcement agencies. It was established that, despite the existence of separate prohibitions and norms, the criminal legislation of Ukraine, considering the changes proposed in this paper, can become more effective in protecting the population from drug addiction. In this context, it was particularly important to investigate international experience, in particular, the practices of the European Union, the United States of America, and Canada. Thus, the study of criminalisation of advertising of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances has scientific and practical significance, since it contributes to the improvement of the criminal legislation of Ukraine, the development of a unified law enforcement practice, and ensuring the protection of society from the spread of crime related to narcotic drugs
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.853 | 0.845 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".