Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Vertical Profile Heating (VPH) Latent Heat Over Northern East Asia Based on GPM Observations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Latent heating (LH) from precipitation strongly modulates convection and large‐scale circulation, yet its three‐dimensional structure at mid‐high latitudes remains under‐characterized. Utilizing 2014–2021 Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) observations and the vertical profile heating (VPH) method, we quantify LH over northern East Asia (30°–60°N, 105°–140°E) and document its seasonal, meridional, and land‐sea contrasts. Relative to spring/autumn, summer precipitation exhibits higher rain tops, elevated positive/negative turning points, and stronger LH with peak release occurring 1–2 km higher for comparable near‐surface rain rates or echo‐top heights viewing the average latent heat profiles. From 30°N to 60°N, the heights of maximum heating, the sign‐change (turning) levels, and the LH top all decrease poleward by ∼1–2 km consistent with lower freezing levels in colder climates. The horizontal pattern of LH mirrors both latitude and land‐sea distribution: heating at ∼5 km is amplified over coastal/peninsular regions compared with inland mountains. Spectral analyses show that increasing precipitation intensity shifts profiles toward convective‐type, column‐deep heating and lowers the turning level. Intercomparisons with GPM Goddard convective‐stratiform heating (CSH) and spectral latent heating (SLH) products confirm the temporal and vertical robustness of these patterns; mid‐tropospheric heating is comparable across data sets, whereas VPH retrieves markedly stronger low‐level cooling than CSH/SLH. Uncertainties arise from DPR's limited snowfall sensitivity (winter underestimation) and potential low‐level cold bias in VPH, where raindrop breakup mimics evaporation. These results provide a midlatitude LH climatology that benchmarks models, clarifies seasonal/meridional controls on LH vertical structure, and informs simulations of monsoon evolution and extratropical cyclone development.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".