Depressive symptomatology in the first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders OPTiMiSE trial: prevalence, correlates, symptom progression and outcomes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerous aspects of depressive symptomatology in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (FES) remain unclear. Based on data from the FES OPTiMiSE trial, we estimated the prevalence of depression (Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) total score ≥7) at baseline (n = 122, 27.5%) and at weeks 4 (n = 57, 15.9%) and 10 (n = 14, 21.5%). Baseline depression was cross-sectionally associated with more severe extrapyramidal symptoms (p = 0.036) and poorer subjective wellbeing (p < 0.001). At week 4, baseline depression was linked to poorer psychosocial functioning (p < 0.001) and subjective wellbeing (p < 0.001). At week 10, baseline depression was associated with psychosis non-remission (p = 0.042) and worse subjective wellbeing (p = 0.011). There was a significant correlation between decrease in CDSS and PANSS total scores (p < 0.001) at weeks 4 and 10. Depressive symptomatology in the FES OPTiMiSE trial was prevalent and associated with poorer objectively- and subjectively-measured outcomes over a 10-week follow-up. Early intervention for depression may improve outcomes in FES.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".