Combined [¹¹C]PBR28 PET and Quantitative T1 Mapping Reveal Choroid Plexus Alterations in Multiple Sclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background The choroid plexus (CP), central to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) regulation and immune cell trafficking, has been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives We investigated TSPO-PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) in the CP, with relation to T□ relaxation times and CP volume using 7T MRI. Methods Quantitative T1 (qT 1 ) maps were obtained from 38 MS participants and 21 healthy controls (HCs) using 7T MRI. Within 4 weeks, PET imaging was conducted with [¹¹C]PBR28 to measure SUVR in the CP. Group differences and associations in CP SUVR, qT 1 , and CP volume were assessed. Results CP SUVR, CP qT 1 , and head□size-corrected CP volumes were higher in MS than HCs ( p<0.05 ). CP volume associated strongly with CP qT 1 ( r=0.52 , p<0.05 ). In MS, CP SUVR inversely correlated with qT 1 (ρ= –0.45, p <0.05). No significant associations were observed with disability scores, white□matter lesion burden and cortical lesion counts. Conclusions Our findings support elevated microglial/macrophage activation in CP alongside structural alterations. CP volume emerges as a complementary MRI marker of inflammation rather than a direct surrogate for TSPO-PET tracer uptake. The inverse CP SUVR–qT□ relationship in MS suggests that chronic extracellular expansion can accelerate tracer washout.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".