Habitat fidelity of adult grey seals over multiple years in a changing marine ecosystem
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Individual foraging site fidelity is a common mechanism for dealing with environmental variability across marine predator species. However, there has been little research on long-term individual repeatability to date, especially over time periods where significant environmental and ecological change has occurred. The grey seal is a long-lived pinniped species that forages on the Scotian Shelf and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, two ecosystems which are characterized by spatio-temporal variability in oceanographic conditions and have also undergone dramatic changes to ecological structuring and functioning in recent decades. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2018, 22 adult grey seals (17 females, 5 males) were repeatedly instrumented with tracking devices in two or three different years. We fitted continuous-time correlated random walk state-space models to estimate grey seal locations and move persistence along tracks. We then calculated the kernel utilization distribution overlap for home ranges (99%) and core areas (50%) within and between individuals as well as for areas (95%) associated with apparent foraging behaviour (move persistence < 0.5). RESULTS: Here, we show that grey seals demonstrated long-term moderate to high levels of fidelity in home ranges between years. By contrast, there was little between-year overlap in core areas used. Nevertheless, areas associated with low move persistence, inferred as area-restricted search and hence where foraging maybe more likely, were highly consistent between years. Habitat overlap between individuals was low across years. CONCLUSIONS: Home range fidelity appears to persist over the life of grey seals, despite significant environmental and ecological change occurring within their habitat during our study period. These findings contribute to understanding the potential consequences of projected environmental change for this and other central place foraging species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".