Attending a one-to-one child-centered movement therapy program improves multiple outcomes among children with neurodevelopmental disabilities: an exploratory prospective cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Children with neurodevelopmental and/or intellectual disabilities/disorders (NDID) often face barriers that limit their participation in typical school and community activities alongside their peers. Adapted, community-based physical activity programs may help bridge this gap by offering safe and engaging environments that promote integration, socialization, and learning. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of the Empowering Steps Movement Therapy (ESMT™) one-to-one personalized physical activity program on children and youth with NDID. Method: A prospective cohort study was conducted to collect information regarding the changes in participants' motor skills (measured by BOT-2-SF), social and leisure adaptive skills (measured by ABAS-II), community and home participation (measured by PEM-CY), and quality of life (measured by KIDSCREEN-27). Forty-two children and youth with NDID attending the ESMT™ program were followed for 12 months with follow-up every 3 months. A linear mixed-effects (LME) model was used to analyze longitudinal changes, as well as studying the influence of children's and families' baseline characteristics on the outcomes. Results: = 0.08). Positive trends were also observed in home and community participation. However, improvements were minimal for social adaptive skills, and a slight decline was noted in leisure adaptive skills and quality of life. Several potential confounders including parental education, socioeconomic status, and participation in other community-based programs were examined, indicating that some may play a significant role. Notably, the type of underlying condition contributing to neurodevelopmental disability appeared to be an important effect modifier for both motor skills and social adaptive skills. Conclusion: Despite the small sample size, this study suggests that individualized, one-to-one physical activity programs which provide individualized scaffolding tailored to each child's unique needs, may yield meaningful improvements across multiple domains in children with NDID. Larger studies are warranted to validate these findings and further support the adoption of personalized, socially engaging approaches in therapeutic physical activity settings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".