Double Layered 9-mm Dehydrated Amniotic Membrane Disc in Ocular Surface Disorders: A Case Series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To report the indications and outcomes associated with a double layered dehydrated amniotic membrane (AM) disc in managing ocular surface disorders. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients treated with a double layered 9-mm dehydrated AM at a tertiary care clinic from July 2022 to November 2023. Primary outcomes included changes in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) from baseline to first and last follow-up. Secondary outcomes included changes in clinical signs and presence of complications. RESULTS: Ten cases were included (7 male, 70.0%), median age 50 years (interquartile ranges [IQR] 40-69), with median follow-up of 12.9 months (IQR 8.1-20.4). Indications included limbal stem cell deficiency (n=5), persistent epithelial defect (n=4), and aphakic bullous keratopathy (n=1). All patients showed clinical improvement, and the membrane was successfully integrated in nine eyes (90.0%) at first follow-up. Mean UCVA improved from 1.69 ± 0.62 logMAR at baseline to 1.22 ± 0.69 logMAR at first follow-up ( P =0.002) and to 0.98 ± 0.70 logMAR at last follow-up ( P =0.001). No complications occurred over the duration of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The double layered dehydrated AM disc was associated with significant improvements in clinical signs and visual acuity, supporting its use as an effective in-office treatment for selected cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".