Double Layered 9-mm Dehydrated Amniotic Membrane Disc in Ocular Surface Disorders: A Case Series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To report the indications and outcomes associated with a double layered dehydrated amniotic membrane (AM) disc in managing ocular surface disorders. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients treated with a double layered 9-mm dehydrated AM at a tertiary care clinic from July 2022 to November 2023. Primary outcomes included changes in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) from baseline to first and last follow-up. Secondary outcomes included changes in clinical signs and presence of complications. RESULTS: Ten cases were included (7 male, 70.0%), median age 50 years (interquartile ranges [IQR] 40-69), with median follow-up of 12.9 months (IQR 8.1-20.4). Indications included limbal stem cell deficiency (n=5), persistent epithelial defect (n=4), and aphakic bullous keratopathy (n=1). All patients showed clinical improvement, and the membrane was successfully integrated in nine eyes (90.0%) at first follow-up. Mean UCVA improved from 1.69 ± 0.62 logMAR at baseline to 1.22 ± 0.69 logMAR at first follow-up ( P =0.002) and to 0.98 ± 0.70 logMAR at last follow-up ( P =0.001). No complications occurred over the duration of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The double layered dehydrated AM disc was associated with significant improvements in clinical signs and visual acuity, supporting its use as an effective in-office treatment for selected cases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".