Numerical investigation on the interaction effect of back-to-back MSE walls with different facing conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The behavior of back-to-back mechanical stabilized earth (MSE) walls is significantly influenced by the geometry, especially the horizontal distance between the back of the reinforced soil zone of the two MSE walls. In the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) design guidelines, two cases are considered based on the horizontal distance. However, no justification is provided for this assumption. Therefore, research is needed to investigate the interaction effect of back-to-back MSE walls with different horizontal distances. In addition, the assumption does not provide a clear provision regarding facing conditions. This paper presents a numerical investigation of the interaction effect of the static behavior of back-to-back MSE walls with different facing conditions. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of horizontal distance, soil friction angles, and wall heights on the lateral soil thrust and required tensile strength. Results show that the maximum facing displacement, lateral soil thrust, and required reinforcement tensile force of the back-to-back MSE walls with different facing conditions generally increase nonlinearly with increasing horizontal distance up to a certain critical value. Design recommendations that account for the interaction effect between the back-to-back MSE walls with different facing conditions on external stability and internal stability are provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".