Sex dimorphic associations between oxidative stress and adiposity in early childhood
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress is suspected in the development of obesity. We sought to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress and obesity/adiposity in early childhood, and explore potential sex dimorphic associations. DESIGN: Nested case-control study. METHODS: In a study of 120 pairs of children with overweight/obesity vs. optimal weight in the Shanghai Birth Cohort, we assessed oxidative stress (urinary biomarker 8-isoprostane) in relation to obesity/overweight and adiposity indicators [body mass index (BMI, z-score), body fat mass (BFM), and percent body fat (PBF)] in early childhood (age 4 years). RESULTS: Urinary 8-isoprostane concentrations were higher in overweight/obese vs. optimal weight children in males (2.23 ± 1.68 vs. 1.60 ± 1.01 ng/mg creatinine, P = .001), but similar in females (1.74 ± 1.81 vs. 1.81 ± 0.94, P = .26). Positive correlations were observed in 8-isoprostane with BMI z-score (r = 0.34, P < .001), BFM (r = 0.28, P < .001), and PBF (r = 0.26, P = .002) in males, while no correlation was observed in females. Adjusting for maternal and child factors, one log unit increment in urinary 8-isoprostane concentration was associated with a 0.72 (95% CI .31-1.13) increase in BMI z-score, 1.02 (0.12-1.19) kg increase in BFM, and 3.09% (0.01%-6.17%) increase in PBF in males, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Oxidative stress levels were elevated in overweight/obesity children, and positively correlated with adiposity in males only, suggesting sex-dimorphic associations between oxidative stress and adiposity/obesity in early childhood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".