Incidence of Primary Acquired Melanosis Within Pterygium Specimens: A 13-Year Retrospective Study in a Canadian Tertiary Center
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Primary acquired melanosis (PAM) and pterygia are ocular surface lesions associated with sun exposure, with distinct clinical and histopathological features. This study aims to determine the incidence of PAM within pathology specimens of presumed benign pterygium cases at a tertiary center in Montreal. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients undergoing pterygium excision at a tertiary care center between 2010 and 2023 was performed. Pathology reports of excised pterygium samples were reviewed, with data collected on age, sex, and histopathological findings. Ethics approval was obtained from the institutional review board, and no patients were excluded. RESULTS: Among 1695 excised pterygia, 1277 (75.3%) specimens were submitted for pathology. Most were confirmed as pterygia (1230 samples, 96%). There were 40 unexpected findings (3.2%) including nevus or melanosis (13 cases), Salzmann nodules (5 cases), and ocular surface squamous neoplasia (4 cases). Two cases of PAM were identified: one with atypia in a 68-year-old French-Canadian man and another with no atypia in a 74-year-old Greek man. CONCLUSIONS: The low incidence of PAM observed highlights its rarity in presumed benign pterygium specimens. However, the identification of PAM with atypia emphasizes the need for routine pathological evaluation of all excised pterygia, even in the absence of clinical suspicion, due to the significant differences in management required for PAM.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".