Great Wall: A Generalized Dose Optimization Design for Drug Combination Trials Maximizing Survival Benefit
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most phase I-II drug-combination trial designs assume that selecting the optimal dose combination based on early outcomes will also lead to maximum long-term survival benefits. However, this assumption is often violated in many clinical studies, generally due to high rates of relapse following the initial response. To address this problem, we propose the Great Wall design, a general dose optimization design for drug-combination trials. The Great Wall design employs a "divide-and-conquer" algorithm to address the issue of partial order of toxicity and uses early outcomes to eliminate dose combinations that are excessively toxic or less efficacious. It utilizes a dose randomization approach to construct a candidate set of the promising dose combinations balancing the toxicity and early efficacy outcomes. The patients assigned to the candidate set are followed to collect the survival outcomes and the final optimal dose combination is then selected to maximize the survival benefit. The simulation studies confirm the desirable operating characteristics of the Great Wall design under various clinical settings. R codes are also provided to facilitate the application. The Great Wall design is modular and practically useful in settings where investigators plan to follow patients long enough to assess survival outcomes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.179 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it