Karyotype analysis of the endangered tree frog <i>Nyctimantis pomba</i> (Anura: Hylidae: Lophyohylini) reveals differences from congeneric species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nyctimantis pomba is a critically endangered frog that has been the target of conservation programs, including captive breeding to prevent extinction. Data from different scientific fields, including cytogenetics, can be valuable for species conservation efforts. Here, we characterize the karyotype of N. pomba using conventional and molecular cytogenetics and discuss these data in light of the phylogeny of the genus. Nyctimantis pomba had a diploid chromosome number 2 n = 24 and exhibited a secondary constriction in one of the homologs of pair 9q, coincident with the rDNA sites. C-banding evidenced pericentromeric blocks on all chromosomes, and CMA 3 staining confirmed that these regions were GC-rich. AT-rich pericentromeric heterochromatin was observed in the long arm of pair 2. (TTAGGG) n probes labeled the telomeres of all chromosomes, with additional signals at the centromeric regions of some of them. (GA) n probes hybridized to the terminal regions of all chromosomes and pericentromeric regions of five pairs. These results showed that N. pomba differs from other karyotyped species by the presence of a nucleolar organizer region in pair 9, AT-rich pericentromeric heterochromatin in pair 2, and (TTAGGG) n signals in the centromeric regions. These variations represent distinct markers of N. pomba and indicate that cytogenetics may be a useful tool for detecting karyotypic differences in reintroduced populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".