An experimental investigation on the anthelmintic efficacy of crude aqueous extracts of selected medicinal herbs against gastrointestinal helminths in native chickens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study assessed the anthelmintic efficacy of selected crude aqueous herbal extracts against gastrointestinal helminths in native chickens raised under semi-scavenging conditions. Forty-five natu-rally infected birds were randomly allocated to five treatment groups: T1 (distilled water), T2 (commercial levamisole), T3 (Basella alba), T4 (Carica papaya), and T5 (Allium sativum). Treatments were administered orally at 3 mL/kg body weight, and fecal egg counts (EPG) were measured at base-line (day 0) and at days 10 and 14 post-treatment. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins in all tested species. By Day 10, substantial reduc-tions in EPG occurred, with C. papaya (966.7 ± 76.4) and A. sativum (1100.0 ± 217.9) achieving sig-nificantly lower counts compared to distilled water (5283.3 ± 236.3) and the commercial anthelmintic levamisole (8650.0 ± 1468.3) (P < 0.05). B. alba exhibited intermediate efficacy (1233.3 ± 361.7), comparable statistically to the two most effective botanicals. However, EPG values rebounded signifi-cantly across all groups by day 14, though C. papaya (5166.7 ± 464.6), A. sativum (5266.7 ± 189.3), and B. alba (5250.0 ± 482.2) maintained significantly lower burdens compared to the control (10300.0 ± 3404.4) and levamisole (6716.7 ± 2878.5) groups (P < 0.05). These results show that botanical ex-tracts could be good short-term replacements for traditional anthelmintics. They also suggest that para-site control may require repeated or optimized dosing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".