Hematological parameters of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) represents the most widespread and severe form of chronic pulmonary disease in preterm infants. Studies have revealed an association between BPD and hematological parameters (HPs); however, the findings are inconsistent. Objectives: This study utilized a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the association. Methods: The Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed were retrieved up to May 4, 2024, with an update on April 10, 2025. Studies investigating the correlation between HPs and BPD in preterm infants were included. This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of the studies was evaluated via the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Stata 18 and MetaDisc were utilized for statistical analysis. Results: EU) count, hemoglobin (HGB), monocyte count, hematocrit (HCT), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), red blood cell (RBC) count, platelet (PLT) count, and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI). Further correlation analysis and effect size evaluation revealed that, while some parameters differed between groups, the association between key parameters and BPD risk was not significant. Specifically, the odds ratios (ORs) for HCT (OR = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.11 to 2.77), PLT (OR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.98-1.03), and HGB (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 0.42-4.49) did not reach statistical significance, suggesting these three parameters may not be independent influencing factors for BPD risk. Concurrently, diagnostic performance analysis demonstrated limited discriminatory ability for NLR, with a receiver operating characteristic-area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.670 (standard error [SE] = 0.054), and for PLT, with an ROC-AUC of 0.675 (SE = 0.067). Conclusions: The current study indicated significant differences in NEU, HGB, HCT, RBC, PLT, NLR, and SIRI between BPD and non-BPD patients, with elevated NEU, NLR, and SIRI and reduced HGB, HCT, RBC, and PLT. However, this study had its limitations. Further analysis requires more multicenter, large-sample prospective studies. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024552716.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.014 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.018 | 0.067 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".