Exploring the relationship of cognitive and physical health with volunteering among community dwelling elderly
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction The increasing population of older people globally causes specific problems for both individuals and society. While reduced cognitive function and reduced physical fitness are related to aging, some older adults have non-pronounced disabilities and inevitably have much spare time affording them to engage in a variety of activities like volunteering which benefits them and their community. Objective The present study aimed to explore the relationship between cognitive and physical health to volunteering among community dwelling retired individuals in Iran. Method In this cross-sectional study, 296 retired community dwelling older adults over age 60 were selected as multi-step convenience sampling method and filled out the questionnaires voluntarily. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognitive function, and the Short-Form 36 (SF36) Health Survey and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were completed by the participants to assess their physical fitness and their mental health status. The demographic information was also assessed using the Demographic Information Questionnaire. Results The study results indicated that the older adults who have better cognitive function (r=0.367, P<0.001, U=0.6316) and physical fitness (r=0.189, P=0.001, 2.8582) participate more in volunteering. Conclusion Participation in volunteering is directly and significantly related to the cognitive functioning, physical fitness, and quality of life of selected older people in Iran. Volunteering is inversely related to anxiety and insomnia, depression, and social dysfunction among these selected retired Iranians.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".