Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract On August 19, 2020, the Constitutional Court of Uganda handed down a landmark judgment in the Petition 16 case. The decision transformed the legal landscape surrounding preventable maternal death in Uganda by recognising the obligations of the State to protect maternal health. The case marked the first instance of an African Constitutional Court finding violations of the rights to health, life, gender equality, and freedom from inhumane and degrading treatment in the State’s role in preventable maternal death. This paper examines the implications of the judgment through the lenses of the two women whose deaths prompted the case, Sylvia Nalubowa and Jennifer Anguko. It first details the stories and contexts of each woman, before weighing the effectiveness of the Court’s equality-based analysis. While Petition 16 is undeniably historic, this paper argues that the Court should have gone further in its analysis to effectively illuminate the structural and cross-cutting forms of disadvantage faced by each woman. This paper concludes by reconstructing Petition 16 through a substantive gender equality framework to reveal previously unexplored rights violations and an expanded set of remedies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.017 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.027 | 0.101 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.014 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.016 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".