Spinal Cord Leptomeningeal Enhancement as a Marker of Extensive Spinal Cord Involvement in Children With MOGAD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spinal cord leptomeningeal enhancement (LME) can be observed in children with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and with seronegative myelitis. We investigated whether the presence of spinal cord LME in MOGAD and seronegative myelitis is associated with distinct clinical, CSF, and MRI findings. METHODS: Study participants were identified among the 490 children and adolescents recruited to the Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Disease study following an incident attack of CNS demyelination. Inclusion criteria for this study were: (1) evidence of spinal cord lesions on MRI, (2) available postgadolinium MRI sequences, and (3) available MOG and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody results. None of the AQP4 antibody-positive participants met our inclusion criteria and only 1 participant with multiple sclerosis exhibited LME. We therefore focused the study on children with MOGAD and seronegative myelitis and compared the clinical, CSF, and MRI features between participants with and without LME. RESULTS: = 0.028) but did not differ in terms of H-sign, LETM, lesional enhancement, or number of lesions. DISCUSSION: The presence of spinal cord LME is associated with more extensive spinal cord abnormalities on MRI in children with MOGAD and to a lesser extent in those with seronegative myelitis. The biological underpinnings of this finding and its clinical implications should be assessed in further studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".