Methotrexate plus low-dose prednisolone compared with high-dose corticosteroid therapy in the management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory breast disease of unknown etiology. Its unpredictable course and unclear pathogenesis have made treatment a persistent clinical challenge. This study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes in patients with IGM, focusing on extending remission periods and reducing relapse rates after discontinuation of therapy. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 200 patients with histopathological confirmed idiopathic granulomatous mastitis who were referred to the Teaching and Therapeutic Center at the Central Hospital of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Patient demographics, pathological characteristics, treatment regimens, remission duration, and recurrence rates were analyzed. RESULTS: From January 2018 to December 2024, a total of 200 patients were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 33 years (range: 18-54 years) and a mean follow-up duration of 34 months (range: 8-51 months). Patients were divided into two treatment groups: Group A received high-dose prednisolone combined with abscess drainage (n = 99), while Group B received low-dose prednisolone, abscess drainage, and methotrexate (n = 101). Group B demonstrated a significantly shorter treatment duration (11.56 ± 2.15 months) compared to Group A (14.86 ± 3.42 months; P < 0.001). The mean time to follow-up was significantly longer in Group B (35.97 ± 6.96 months) than in Group A (20.00 ± 7.02 months; P < 0.001). The recurrence rate was lower in Group B (4.9%) than in Group A (23.2%), with the difference approaching statistical significance (P = 0.057). In addition, the mean time to relapse in Group B (34.46 ± 6.50 months) was significantly longer than that of Group A (16.96 ± 5.34 months), indicating that patients receiving the combined regimen of low-dose prednisolone, drainage, and methotrexate experienced a more sustained remission period. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, especially the moderate to severe form of the disease, using combination therapy with low-dose prednisolone and methotrexate can be associated with a reduction in treatment duration, and increase in remission duration, and a reduction in relapse, and drug side effects.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".