Reliability Assessment of Deregulated Power Systems Considering Demand Response and Energy Storage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the reliability study performed in recent years at Hydro One to evaluate the impacts of new energy resources such as demand response programs and energy storage systems on the reliability and operating costs of deregulated bulk power systems. Such energy resources are used to enhance the efficiency and reliability of bulk power systems. The study used the Hydro One’s in-house bulk power system reliability evaluation program as a simulator to model the new energy resources and to evaluate their impacts on the system reliability and system operating costs. The proposed assessment method used in the study is practical and flexible and can handle different operating policies for those energy resources. The study results show that the impacts of those energy resources can vary significantly and power system planners and operators need to select, beforehand, the more effective ones with regard to system reliability and system operating cost. The IEEE reliability test system (RTS) is used in the study to illustrate the method of assessment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".