KEY CATEGORIES IN THE STUDY OF RELIGION: CONTEXTS AND CRITIQUES. By RebekkaKing. NAASR Working Papers. Sheffield and Bristol: Equinox, 2022. Pp. vi + 239. Hardback, $100.00; Paperback, $35.00.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This book has four parts. The first part, “Citizenship and Politics,” includes the first five chapters. Chapter One examines how the “sovereign citizen” movement uses “paper terrorism” to challenge state authority. Chapter Two focuses on how Buddhists use “religion” to justify violence against the Rohingya. Chapter Three delves into the modern conception of state sovereignty. Chapter Four underscores the impact of digitization on citizenship identity and memory. Chapter Five highlights the central yet often overlooked status of the nation-state concept. The second part, “Race and Ethnicity,” spans Chapters Six to Eleven. Chapter Six discusses the ambiguity of race as an axis of social difference. Chapter Seven uncovers the power and knowledge production mechanisms behind the MBTI. Chapters Eight, Nine, and Eleven scrutinize the relationships between race, religion, and identity construction from various perspectives. Chapter Ten explores the complexities of questioning and responding to racism within the study of American religions. The third part, “Gender and Sexuality,” consists of five chapters. Chapters Twelve and Thirteen argue for the importance of recognizing identity factors such as gender and sexual orientation. Chapter Fourteen emphasizes the interactive nature of theory generation and the value of multiple perspectives. Chapter Fifteen delves into the identity implications embodied in the image of the “Muscle Jew.” Chapter Sixteen analyzes the impact of Quebec’s Bill 21 on Muslim women from the intersection of gender and religion. The final part, “Class and Economy,” comprises the last six chapters. Chapters Seventeen, Nineteen, and Twenty-Two concentrate on charity law, exploring how it reinforces existing social strata and power relations by defining “religion,” and highlighting the role and challenges of “public interest” in maintaining social order and power structures. Chapter Eighteen analyzes the logic by which religion sustains and reinforces the hegemony of the ruling class. Chapters Twenty and Twenty-One emphasize the call to reintegrate class as a crucial perspective in analyzing religious phenomena and reflect on the importance of clearly defining religious concepts. Overall, this book offers readers a deeper understanding of the role of religion in society, politics, economy, and culture, and is highly recommended.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".