What was (and is) the Point of Macaronics? Historical and Typological Considerations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A historically significant form of linguistic hybridization was the so-called ‘macaronic’ poetry from the Italian Renaissance. Its best-known practitioner was a sixteenth-century Benedictine monk, Teofilo Folengo. Starting from that historical context, this article seeks to better describe what was (and remains) typical of macaronic writing, namely the intentional creation of a linguistic hybrid with comic effect. In macaronic multilingualism, languages are blended, fused together, not juxtaposed, as happens in other manifestations of multilingualism in literature. A more difficult question relates to the need (or not) for Latin to be part of the equation. In the absence of bilingual blending, the mere presence of Latin is certainly not enough, but what about clearly hybrid texts that only involve modern languages and do not contain any Latin?
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.024 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".