Comparative Analysis of Multispectral Singlet Oxygen Dosimetry (MSOLD) and Singlet Oxygen Explicit Dosimetry (SOED) in Type II Photodynamic Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Significance Direct detection of singlet-state oxygen (¹O₂) is critical in type II photodynamic therapy (PDT) but remains challenging due to its short lifetime. Our cost-effective and user-friendly Multispectral Singlet Oxygen Dosimetry (MSOLD) system facilitates real-time detection of ¹O₂ with precision and ease, underscoring the importance of validating its accuracy against the established Singlet Oxygen Explicit Dosimetry (SOED) model. Approach A 690 nm laser excited benzoporphyrin derivative (2 - 6 mg/kg) in liquid phantom, Real-time ¹O₂ spectra were recorded for 900 seconds using an Avantes spectrometer. Ground-state oxygen, photosensitizer concentrations, and fluence rates were measured for SOED calculations. Results Both the MSOLD and SOED signals exhibit decay over the course of the PDT treatment. Instantaneous and cumulative ¹O₂ signals measured with MSOLD showed strong linear correlations with SOED results. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the ¹O₂ signal detected by MSOLD can be effectively utilized for PDT dosimetry, comparable to the capabilities of SOED.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".