Perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion enables inhalable delivery of potent antimicrobial photosensitizer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pulmonary antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) faces site-specific drug delivery challenges that have hindered its translation into clinical studies. 1 Here, we present a novel nanoemulsion (NE) designed specifically for the treatment of respiratory infections, including a perfluorocarbon (PFC) core, pyropheophorbide (pyro) as a photosensitizer, and lung surfactant-like phospholipids in its composition. Pyro-based NEs have shown incredible preclinical success, with efficacy in vitro even in nanomolar concentrations, 2 while PFCs can improve drug delivery through inhalation and carry molecular oxygen. 3 This new pyro-PFC-NE has shown complete inactivation of S. aureus in nanomolar concentrations, in conditions that showed little to no toxicity against A549 lung epithelial and EA.hy926 endothelial cells. In addition, its size and photophysical properties are retained after nebulization and when exposed to lung surfactant. These results indicate that pyro-PFC-NE has significant potential for aPDT applications and is compatible with localized delivery to the lungs using nebulization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".