Exploring the biopsychosocial effects of caregivers living with adolescents who abuse drugs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Context: Caregivers are considered to be highly affected by adolescents who abuse drugs. Drug abuse by adolescents, especially in schools, is now a worldwide societal problem, and it has devastating effects on the ability of families and caregivers to function. The study aimed to explore the psychosocial effects of caregivers living with an adolescent who abuses drugs. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by using purposive sampling. Fifteen (15) caregivers were recruited from four purposively chosen Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Audio-recorded interviews were translated, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. The themes identified were related to caregivers’ lived experiences of living with an adolescent who abuses drugs. Results show that the behaviour of these adolescents created an environment that led to feelings of shame and embarrassment, family disintegration, conflicts, communication breakdown, suicidal feelings, and stress-related ailments of these caregivers. Participants experienced personal challenges, which included psychological and emotional effects of fear, stress, pain, and self-blame. Participants also highlighted family disruptions and financial drain as a result of their adolescent behaviour. Conclusion. Participants experienced personal challenges, which included psychological and emotional effects of fear, stress, pain, and self-blame. Participants also highlighted family disruptions and financial drain as a result of their adolescent behaviour. The findings underscore the need for efforts to be directed at the development of formal support interventions for caregivers of adolescents who are affected by this public health scourge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".