Electrical resistance of gas fluidized natural flake graphite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Resistance and bulk resistivity of three commercial grades of fluidized natural flake graphite were determined with a high-frequency data acquisition system at ambient conditions and low voltage. Resistance was measured for up to 5 h over a wide range of superficial gas velocities up to 7 times the minimum fluidization velocity. Resistivities between 1 and 5 Ω∙m were measured for the two largest flake graphite populations used while fully fluidized. The relationship of resistance as a function of flow rate is influenced by the fluidized bed geometry and the particle population used. Resistance was found to fluctuate at frequencies between 3 and 10 Hz and demonstrate a strong link between physical particle properties, fluid-dynamic properties of the bed and the resistive behaviour of the fluidized flakes. When poor quality or partial fluidization occurs, as evidenced by a low relative pressure drop across the bed at steady state, 100 min or more of data is insufficient to capture the probability distribution. When the bed is well fluidized, 3 min or less are required for a representative sample. To operate a direct ohmic heating electric fluidized bed (DOH-ERB) purification reactor for natural graphite, pseudo-steady resistances are achievable with larger natural flake graphite sizes and at flow rates above the full fluidization velocity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".