Low electric field-assisted anaerobic ceramic membrane reactor for high-concentration organic wastewater treatment: Performance enhancement and membrane fouling mitigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Severe membrane fouling and limited energy recovery have restricted the application of anaerobic ceramic membrane reactor (AnCMBR) in treating high-concentration organic wastewater. In the present study, a low electric field at the voltage of 0.8 V was applied to establish E-AnCMBR to enhance pollutants removal, improve energy recovery and alleviate membrane fouling. The highest removal rate of COD, NH 4 + -N and phosphorus was 98.5 ± 0.5 %, 52.4 ± 0.9 % and 63.0 ± 0.9 % at the organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.80 kgCOD/(m 3 ·d), respectively, under which the methane yields reached the maximum value of 0.51 ± 0.02 L/gCOD. The mixtures of the E-AnCMBR exhibited low extracellular polymeric substance concentration and large floc size due to the combined effect of electrocoagulation and electrical stimulation, which significantly reducing membrane fouling tendency. The presence of Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ) enhanced the synergy among potential electroactive bacteria (e.g., Desulfobacterota ) and methanogens in the E-AnCMBR. Along with electrochemical and physical effect, the long-term performance stability, improved methanogenesis and membrane fouling mitigation were achieved. This study provides an energy-efficient approach for sustainable high-concentration organic wastewater management, and offers clearer insights into the mechanisms underlying synergistic enhancements in pollutant removal, methanogenesis, and membrane fouling control within the E-AnCMBR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".