Influence of familiarity and sex on social learning in a group living fish
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Social learning, learning via observation and imitation, is an ability that can help animals adapt to their environment. Current research indicates that familiarity between the demonstrator and learner increases the likelihood that animals engage in social learning. Sex differences in philopatry can result in the more philopatric sex having a higher degree of familiarity with its groupmates than the dispersing sex. The aim of this study was to test how familiarity and sex affect social learning in the matrilineal, group-living cichlid species, Neolamprologus pulcher. A foraging assay was used to test the probability and speed of social learning in N. pulcher, and whether these were influenced by familiarity with the demonstrator, the demonstrator's sex, or the observer's sex. We found that familiarity did not have a clear effect on N. pulcher learning. Although demonstrator sex had no impact on learning, female N. pulcher learned faster than their male counterparts. As one of the first experimental studies to examine the factors influencing social learning in social cichlid fish, here we build upon the existing body of literature on fish learning and explore how information spreads in groups. Such knowledge can shed light on the behaviours, as well as the dynamics, and transmission of cultural traits in cichlids and other animals, contributing to the growing understanding of decision-making and the cognition underlying cooperation in other taxa.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".