Electronic–Structural Phase Correlations in Oxygen‐Deficient Hafnia Nanocrystals
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Layers of HfO 2 and (Hf,Zr)O 2 crystalline nano‐particles are synthesized via direct liquid injection atomic layer deposition, and a comprehensive set of structural, chemical, and electrical characterizations is employed to elucidate their phase composition and functional behavior. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a compositional contrast between the films: (Hf,Zr)O 2 layers contained up to 45% stoichiometric oxide, while pure HfO 2 films are dominated by sub‐oxides, especially under strongly reducing conditions, in which exclusively sub‐oxide phases and p‐type semiconducting behavior is revealed. Electrical measurements indicated room‐temperature stabilization of polar phases and tetragonal‐to‐orthorhombic phase transition with a Curie temperature near 200 K. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of tetragonal and orthorhombic HfO 2 phases, providing insight into minor features observed ≈30° (2θ) in X‐ray diffraction patterns. Notably, devices incorporating an AlN interlayer demonstrated a significant enhancement in pyroelectric performance, suggesting this strategy to advance the pyroelectric performance of HfO 2 ‐based materials, supporting their development for lead‐free sensor technologies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it