The LACCASE3/5/12/13 clade mediates seed coat lignin deposition and regulates imbibition and germination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The seed coat, a multi-layered protective structure containing lignin, is critical for the survival and germination of seeds. How seed coat lignin is spatiotemporally deposited and, thus, its physiological role remain poorly understood. We identified the LAC3/5/12/13 clade in Arabidopsis as seed plant-conserved and seed coat-expressed laccases responsible for synthesizing seed coat lignin. We showed in Arabidopsis that loss of LAC3/5/12/13 function drastically reduces lignin deposition in the outer integument upon seed maturation and impairs seed coat barrier function. In the lac3/5/12/13 seeds with a highly permeable coat, phase separation of the intrinsic water potential sensor FLOE1 was significantly promoted, seed water imbibition was increased, and germination was accelerated under both normal and osmotic stress conditions. These findings highlight the importance of LAC3/5/12/13-mediated lignin deposition in the seed coat in controlling embryonic development and the potential for enhancing seed performance through LACCASE genetic engineering.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".