Hydrophilicity Regulation of Styrene-Based Copolymers to Promote the Enzymatic Saccharification Efficiency by Dually Protecting Cellulases and Blocking Residual Lignin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nonproductive adsorption behavior of residual lignin on cellulase has long hindered lignocellulosic biomass enzymatic saccharification. In this study, a strategy of hydrophilicity regulation of styrene-based copolymers was developed to improve the enzymatic saccharification efficiency by specifically acting on cellulases and blocking residual lignin. Styrene-based copolymers with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate (ST- co -AMPS or SA), varying in molecular weight and hydrophilicity, were synthesized. At pH 4.8 and 10 FPU/glucan cellulase dosage, adding 0.1 g/g-substrate SA8–32 (initiator dosage = 8%, ST% = 32%) boosted the sugar yield from 45.6 to 83.4%. When the pH increased to 5.5, SA4–16 addition further raised the yield to 94%. Quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy analyses revealed that ST- co -AMPS directly interacted with cellulase to form complexes while also blocking residual lignin. Fluorescence spectrometer analysis showed SA-cellulase complexes reduced nonproductive adsorption via hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Given the demand for efficient lignocellulosic bioconversion in sustainable biorefineries, ST- co -AMPS shows great potential as an additive to enhance lignocellulose enzymatic saccharification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".