Impact of deoxynivalenol on fatty acid and amino acid profiles of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Deoxynivalenol (DON), a prevalent mycotoxin in grain based animal feed, poses significant risks to food safety and livestock health. It has been demonstrated to inhibit protein synthesis and interfere with lipid biosynthesis and metabolism. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, Hermetia illucens ) have emerged as a promising solution for converting organic waste, including contaminated feed, into high value protein and lipid rich biomass. This study investigates the effects of DON (0, 10, 20, and 40 ppm) on the growth performance, fatty acid profile and amino acid profiles of BSFL reared on cornmeal based diets. Over an 8 day growth period on the experimental diet, DON at 10 and 20 ppm did not have a significant impact on the growth, lipid, or protein content of BSFL. DON at 40 ppm significantly reduced larval biomass, lipid yield, and crude protein content. While total amino acid profiles remained stable across treatments, changes in fatty acid profile were observed, with saturated fatty acids decreasing and unsaturated fatty acids increasing in the 40 ppm group. Importantly, no DON was detected in the larvae, and substantial reductions in DON concentrations were observed in the spent feed, indicating BSFL’s potential for detoxification or biotransformation of DON. These findings support the possibility of using BSFL to recycle mycotoxin contaminated substrates into safe, high quality animal feed, though further research is needed to elucidate the metabolic fate of DON.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".