Bibliographic record
Abstract
<JATS1:p>A History of Homebuilders from Early Modern to Modern Times provides a diachronic account of homebuilders’ more than 500 years history in the Anglosphere nations of the U.S., Britain, Canada, and Australia. The comparative absence of individual homebuilders’ histories in the literature, despite builders’ importance in providing our dwellings and over 70% of our entire urban built environments, is surprising. Part One introduces homebuilders from several perspectives. These are useful for evaluating the homebuilders’ whose histories are presented in Part Two, and in providing a balanced understanding of homebuilders and the societal value of what they do. The actual, albeit brief, histories of mainly large homebuilders for more than 500 years in Part II, supply historians with some particulars of homebuilder attitudes, practices, ingenuity, and resourcefulness in how they operated over the centuries, with a modest trending to community building rather than just housebuilding. Part Three specifically focuses on the following evolutionary changes in homebuilding practices: 1) increasing standardization of dwelling components, 2) increasingly institutionalized sources of financial assistance, and 3) changes in production scale. Three technical appendices on dates of homebuilder ‘firsts’ in practices; in conceptualizing housing markets; and some government regulations, follow, with a fourth appendix on homebuilders’ organizational changes over the centuries.</JATS1:p>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".