The trimeric Shu complex in <i>C. elegans</i> is an ATPase that remodels RAD51 filaments in the homologous recombination-associated DNA damage response
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Homologous recombination (HR) is critical to error-free lesion bypass in the DNA damage response. This error-free lesion tolerance pathway is initiated by the RAD51 recombinase, which forms nucleoprotein filaments on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to facilitate template-directed repair using homologous sister chromatids. RAD51 filaments are tightly regulated by RAD51 mediator proteins. Among these, the Shu complexes facilitate HR-directed DNA damage tolerance and are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. The Caenorhabditis elegans Shu complex is a heterotrimer consisting of three protein subunits: RFS1, RIP1, and SWS1. However, the biochemical properties of this trimeric complex remain unclear. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of the C . elegans Shu complex and interactions with DNA, ATP, and Rad51 filaments. We first revealed that the Shu trimer preferentially binds DNA with an exposed 5′ end, particularly favoring a fork-shaped double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Then, we found that the trimer binds to ATP and exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Through site-specific mutagenesis, we identified the catalytic residues in the RFS1 domain and validated the ATPase activity. Using fluorescence-based assays, we further demonstrated that the Shu trimer remodels RAD51 filaments in an ATP-hydrolysis-dependent manner and stabilizes the filaments in an ATP-binding-dependent manner. These findings provide key mechanistic insights into how the C . elegans Shu complex regulates RAD51 filaments, priming them for downstream HR-mediated DNA repair processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".