Entanglement Randomness and Gapped Itinerant Carriers in a Frustrated Quantum Magnet
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The quantum spin liquid is a state manifesting extraordinary many-body entanglement, and the material <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mrow> <a:msub> <a:mrow> <a:mi>NaYbSe</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mn>2</a:mn> </a:mrow> </a:msub> </a:mrow> </a:math> is thought to be one of the most promising candidates for its realization. Through low-temperature heat capacity and thermal conductivity measurements, we identify an apparent contradiction familiar to many quantum spin liquid candidates: While entropy is stored by apparently gapless excitations, the itinerant carriers of entropy are gapped. By studying the compositional series <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <c:mrow> <c:msub> <c:mrow> <c:mi>NaYb</c:mi> </c:mrow> <c:mrow> <c:mi>x</c:mi> </c:mrow> </c:msub> </c:mrow> <c:mrow> <c:msub> <c:mrow> <c:mi>Lu</c:mi> </c:mrow> <c:mrow> <c:mn>1</c:mn> <c:mo>−</c:mo> <c:mi>x</c:mi> </c:mrow> </c:msub> <c:mrow> <c:msub> <c:mrow> <c:mi>Se</c:mi> </c:mrow> <c:mrow> <c:mn>2</c:mn> </c:mrow> </c:msub> </c:mrow> </c:mrow> </c:math> across a percolation transition of the magnetic lattice, we suggest that this contradiction can be resolved by the presence of entanglement scales of random sizes. Moreover, as we truncate the scale of entanglement by magnetic dilution, we show that the itinerant magnetic entropy carrier in <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <e:mrow> <e:msub> <e:mrow> <e:mi>NaYbSe</e:mi> </e:mrow> <e:mrow> <e:mn>2</e:mn> </e:mrow> </e:msub> </e:mrow> </e:math> does not arise from a uniform globally entangled spin ground state but rather materializes through the stochastic propagation of boundaries between locally entangled spin objects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".