Electroporation and LNP-mediated delivery of plasmid DNA-encoded H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin support protection against highly pathogenic avian influenza
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenzas (HPAIs) is a continuing public health threat. Here, we describe the development of plasmid-encoded H5N1 hemagglutinin antigens representing clades that have caused human zoonoses. Electroporation (EP) delivery of clade 2.3.2.1c HA (pCamb) DNA was immunogenic in mice but only partially protective against clade 2.3.4.b challenge. Homologous challenge resulted in complete protection, suggesting that matched clade antigens are important for protection. Contemporary clade 2.3.4.4b HA (pMich) DNA plasmids supported robust cellular and humoral responses when delivered via EP. Co-immunization with plasmids representing both H5 clades supported high titers of binding and neutralizing antibodies against both antigens and complete protection from clade 2.3.4.4b challenge. We formulated the pMich plasmid DNA in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). A single dose of pMich DNA-LNP supported long-lived immunity in mice that was protective against challenge at both acute and memory timepoints. These data demonstrate that DNA can support robust anti-HPAI immunity and protection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".