Old English Psalter Glosses to the Latin Lemmas <i>incola</i> and <i>incolatus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The nouns incola and incolatus are rare in psalms: incola occurs four times in the Romanum and three times in the Gallicanum, incolatus twice in the Romanum and once in the Gallicanum. Although these lexemes are employed in the same sense ‘resident alien, immigrant’ and ‘being a resident alien/immigrant’ in all instances, Old English displays a wide variety of glosses ranging from the derivatives from the stem wræc- ‘exile’ to the compound londleod ‘(indigenous) inhabitant of a country’. The distinctions between psalter glosses are not limited to the usual divisions between the A-, D-, and I-traditions but extend to the lack of consensus between the Old English interpretamenta within the D-group where Ogura finds a high rate of homogeneity. This diversity is the subject of the present article, which seeks to determine its possible causes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".