Impact of Iron Deficiency in Adults With Fontan Circulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Iron deficiency (ID) is common in patients with heart failure and associated with worse outcomes, regardless of the presence of anemia. However, the prevalence and clinical implications of ID in adults after the Fontan operation has not been elucidated. Methods This was a retrospective cohort of adults after the Fontan operation who underwent laboratory tests and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). ID was defined as ferritin <100 μg/L or ferritin 100-300 μg/L and a transferrin saturation (TSAT) <20%. The prevalence of ID and its relationships with CPET findings and the composite outcome of all-cause death, hospitalization for heart failure, or ventricular arrhythmia were evaluated. Results Of the 105 adults who underwent the Fontan operation, 94 were enrolled (mean age 25±11 years, females 46.8%). ID was found in 73.4% of patients (n=69 of 94): absolute ID 59 patients, functional ID 10 patients. The percentages of predicted anaerobic threshold, maximum oxygen uptake (peak VO 2 ), and the slope of the increase in the VO 2 to the increase in the work rate were lower in the ID group than in the non-ID group after adjusting for confounders, whereas ventilation versus carbon dioxide production was not significantly different between the two groups. During median follow-up of 3.3 years, the composite outcome was observed in 11 patients in the ID group (15.9%) and no patients in the non-ID group (log-rank test, p=0.048). Conclusions ID was highly prevalent in adults with Fontan circulation and was significantly associated with worse exercise capacity and prognosis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".