When to Consider Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Youth With Depression Given Promising Data on Effectiveness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
reporting naturalistic study outcomes of 1,283 youths with moderate to severe depression receiving transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Among the 1,169 youths who completed the treatment, 59% responded (at least 50% improvement in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] scores), and 30% remitted (end-of-acute treatment score of <5 on PHQ-9), a treatment effect similar to what is found in adults receiving TMS. Do these promising data in a large real-world sample of youth help guide when TMS should be considered for a youth with depression? In other words, how many trials of psychotherapy and/or antidepressants should be tried before considering TMS? This is a common question from clinicians, youth, and families, especially after the recent US Food and Drug Administration clearance of TMS as an adjunctive treatment for adolescents age 15 and older with depression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.034 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".