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Record W4416663600 · doi:10.1016/j.jaacop.2025.11.005

When to Consider Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Youth With Depression Given Promising Data on Effectiveness

2025· article· en· W4416663600 on OpenAlexafffund
Enoch Ng

Bibliographic record

VenueJAACAP Open · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldNeuroscience
TopicTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
Canadian institutionsHealth Sciences CentreUniversity of TorontoSunnybrook Health Science Centre
FundersDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto
KeywordsTranscranial magnetic stimulationDepression (economics)Major depressive disorderDeep transcranial magnetic stimulationAffect (linguistics)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

reporting naturalistic study outcomes of 1,283 youths with moderate to severe depression receiving transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Among the 1,169 youths who completed the treatment, 59% responded (at least 50% improvement in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] scores), and 30% remitted (end-of-acute treatment score of <5 on PHQ-9), a treatment effect similar to what is found in adults receiving TMS. Do these promising data in a large real-world sample of youth help guide when TMS should be considered for a youth with depression? In other words, how many trials of psychotherapy and/or antidepressants should be tried before considering TMS? This is a common question from clinicians, youth, and families, especially after the recent US Food and Drug Administration clearance of TMS as an adjunctive treatment for adolescents age 15 and older with depression.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.784
Threshold uncertainty score0.763

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.124
GPT teacher head0.378
Teacher spread0.254 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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