Prevalence and correlates of hyperbilirubinemia among people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving atazanavir boosted with ritonavir (ATV/r)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: One of the recommended protease inhibitor treatments for HIV is Atazanavir boosted with Ritonavir (ATV/r). However, hyperbilirubinemia is a well-recognized adverse effect of this therapy. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 121 clinical records of people living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving Atazanavir/Ritonavir treatment at the Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS between 2014 and 2020. Study variables were extracted from the digital and physical records at the clinic and recorded using a structured data extraction form developed by the research team. For qualitative variables, results are presented as numbers and percentages, and for quantitative variables, results are presented as medians with interquartile ranges (IQR). The authors evaluated the association between demographics, clinical characteristics and laboratory profile with hyperbilirubinemia through univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Hyperbilirubinemia was present in over 85% of the patients, with more than half exhibiting grade III or higher indirect hyperbilirubinemia. No significant associations were found between demographics, ART regimens, or laboratory profiles and hyperbilirubinemia (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of indirect hyperbilirubinemia, with a significant proportion experiencing grade 3-4 elevations. Although no statistically significant associations were observed, it would be valuable to investigate potential genetic predispositions that may make certain individuals more susceptible to developing high-grade hyperbilirubinemia on ATV/r.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".