Role of Macrophage Phagocytosis as Predictive Marker of the Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) pathogenesis is closely associated with macrophages. This study sought to explore the role of phagocytosis by monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) in the blood in the context of coronary heart disease (CHD) and acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). Methods: This study employed a matched case-control design. Individuals with suspected CHD were recruited and allocated to a control cohort or a CHD cohort, with the latter further stratified into stable angina pectoris and ACS subgroups according to clinical diagnoses. Clinical data were collected, MDMs were isolated, and macrophage phagocytic activity was evaluated using fluorescent-labeled latex microspheres. Results: Macrophage phagocytic rates were significantly reduced in the CHD group relative to the control group, with further decreases observed in the ACS subgroup. Multivariable linear regression revealed that age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and fibrinogen were independently and negatively correlated with macrophage phagocytic rates. Multivariable analyses suggested that diminished macrophage phagocytic rates were linked to an elevated risk of both CHD and ACS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified the optimal cutoff values of macrophage phagocytic rates for predicting CHD and ACS as 62.6% and 63.4%, respectively, with the area under the curves (AUCs) measured at 0.679 and 0.669. Conclusions: Macrophage phagocytic activity is reduced in CHD patients, particularly in those with ACS. Diminished macrophage phagocytic function is linked to CHD and ACS. Macrophage phagocytosis could act as a protective biomarker in CHD and ACS, providing new insights into the pathophysiology of ASCVD.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it