Epidemiological study on the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease, parkinsonism, and rem sleep behavior disorder in the community of Candangolândia - DF
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: This study is part of the project: Prodromal and Overt Parkinson’s Disease Epidemiological Study in Brazil (PROBE-PD), which aims to determine the prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other parkinsonian syndromes in individuals aged 60 and over within a population sample from the North, Northeast, South, and Midwest regions. Objective: To present partial results regarding the prevalence of PD, parkinsonism, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in the community of Candangolândia-DF, Midwest region. Methods: This study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Beneficent Society of Ladies Hospital Sírio-Libanês (CEPesq/HSL-5.482.147), is conducted in two phases. In Phase I, screening is carried out using the Tanner Questionnaire, wherein volunteers respond to nine yes-or-no questions related to motor symptoms, and the Single-Question Questionnaire for RBD (RBD1Q). A positive screening is indicated by either two affirmative responses on the Tanner Questionnaire or one on the RBD1Q, prompting an invitation to Phase II, where participants undergo evaluation by a neurologist specializing in Movement Disorders. PD diagnosis follows the MDS Diagnostic Criteria, supported by the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). The evaluation further includes the RBD Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Data are entered into RedCap for subsequent statistical analysis. Results are presented as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Results: To date, 1253 individuals out of a target of 1500, with a mean age of 70.5±7.95 years have been screened between July 2022 and June 2024. Among these screened individuals, 63.6% were female. The prior diagnosis of PD was 1.8%, with 11.7% screened positive for suspected RBD and 34.6% for the Tanner questionnaire. Individuals screened positive for suspected RBD and Tanner, or previously diagnosed with PD, were invited to participate in Phase II. Following the clinical evaluation of 307 patients, preliminary prevalence was estimated at 1.67% for PD, 2.87% for parkinsonism of any cause, and 3.27% for probable/possible RBD. Conclusion: Of the individuals diagnosed with PD, 53.85% were male. The result reveal that although the relative proportion of males was lower than that of females, the prevalence of PD diagnoses was higher among males, corroborating existing literature reports. Continued data analysis and detailed clinical evaluations will provide a more precise understanding of the results found in the present study. These findings are crucial for informing and potentially adjusting public health policies in Brazil, aiming to improve early diagnosis and management of these neurodegenerative diseases. On behalf of PROBE-PD
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".