Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty Improves Quality of Life in Transfeminine Individuals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To longitudinally evaluate patient-reported outcomes following gender-affirming vaginoplasty across multiple physical and psychosocial health domains. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Vaginoplasty is a frequently accessed genital gender-affirming surgery by transfeminine individuals. Few studies have prospectively examined patient-reported outcomes following this procedure. METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal patient-reported outcome survey study of patients undergoing gender-affirming vaginoplasty was conducted from September 2018 to February 2023 at a single institution. The primary outcomes of this study were fifteen validated patient-reported outcome measure scales across various health domains completed at three survey timepoints: preoperatively, 3-months postoperatively, and 12-months postoperatively. Individuals who completed the surveys at all three timepoints were included for final analysis. RESULTS: Response rate was 55% with 48 total participants. There was significant postoperative improvement in mental health outcomes as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales. The Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale (GCLS) scores as well as the BODY-Q Body Image, Social Function, and Satisfaction with Decision scales all significantly improved postoperatively compared to preoperatively. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain scales demonstrated worsened pain at 3-months postoperatively but returned to preoperative levels at 12-months postoperatively. PROMIS Sexual Function scales also improved postoperatively compared to preoperatively. Minor complications did not worsen 12-month patient-reported outcomes. Major complications and mental health diagnoses were associated with worse patient-reported outcomes across a variety of scales. CONCLUSIONS: Following gender-affirming vaginoplasty, transfeminine individuals report significant improvement across a wide variety of validated patient-reported outcome measures assessing physical and psychosocial health domains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".